Как писать эссе IELTS (5)

Полезные выражения для  проблем и решений.

Steps Measures

should must could

be taken

so as to in order to

solve/overcome/combat … deal with/eradicate …

Serious attempts to halt/prevent/solve … must be made.

One (possible) Another An alternative

way to

solve/overcome combat/deal with eradicate

this problem the problem (of)…

would be/ is …

People Governments We

should focus their/ our attention on ways

to solve/overcome the problem of … to improve the situation of … to reduce the impact of … on society …

If steps/measures were taken to …     If … happened/were to happen,     If attempts were made to address the problem

the effect/result/consequence would be

By (+ing) …, we/ government/etc, can ensure that / prevent …

The … situation could be improved if …/It would be a good idea if …

The

effect/consequence outcome/result

of (+noun/-ing)

would might

be …

темы сочинений "Предложения по решению проблемы"

Пример сочинения (Предложение по решению проблемы)

“What could be done to improve the lives of the elderly?”

For many elderly people the latter part of their life is not a time to relax and enjoy retirement, but rather a difficult and unhappy period, owing to financial worries, failing health and loneliness. As life expectancy increases, the average person lives well beyond the age of retirement. As a result, the elderly make up an ever-increasing percentage of society, which makes it more important than ever for a real effort to be made in improving the lives of senior citizens.

One way to deal with the situation would be to ensure that the elderly have enough money on which to live. Obviously, when a person stops working, they still require a source of income to cover their basic needs such as food, accommodation and heating. A clear solution to the problem is for the government to make sure that the state pension is adequate for these needs. Furthermore, free financial advice should be made available to retired people so that the stress of worrying about money could be reduced as far as possible.

Steps should also be taken to overcome problems the elderly face as a result of deteriorating health due to old age, and inadequate health-care provisions. Again, the responsibility should fall to the government to provide access to the best health care available, which may necessitate paying for residential homes where the elderly can have round-the-clock nursing, or, at the very least, providing medication free of charge to all people over a certain age. As a result, old people would enjoy not only better health, but also peace of mind from the knowledge that they need not fear falling ill and being unable to pay for treatment.

The lives of old people could also be improved if attempts were made to address the problem of social isolation which so many of them face. If we organised trips for the elderly to community centers, visits from social workers or free bus passes to allow pensioners greater mobility, the effect would be alleviate the problem of loneliness which marks the lives of so many old people living alone far from their families.

One final suggestion, which would help enormously, is to change the attitude of the community towards its older members, who are all too often seen as a burden on society and dismissed as having little to do with modern life. We need to be taught from an early age to respect the views of old people, and appreciate their broader experience of life. This would help society as a whole, and encourage appreciation of the role that old people can still play today.

To sum up, there are several measures which could be taken to improve the lives of old people. If the government and individuals alike were to help, it would make retirement and old age a time to look forward to, rather than dread. 

к началу

Как писать эссе IELTS (4)

Сочинение : Способы решения проблем.

Сочинение, где обсуждаются способы и пути решения проблем, являются формальным типом письма. Вы должны ясно обозначить проблему и ее причины, а затем дать ваши предложения по ее решению и возможные последствия от этих решений.

Сочинение такого типа должно состоять из:

а). Вступительного параграфа, в котором вы указываете проблему, что ее вызвало и какие последствия проблемы.

б). Основная часть, в которой вы предлагаете несколько решений проблемы, каждое в отдельном параграфе, с указанием последствий или результатов.

в). Заключение, в нем вы делаете выводы.

Следует учитывать

• Каждый параграф начинается с предложения, указывающего на тему параграфа.

• Предложения в параграфе, а также параграфы должны соединяться соответствующими соединительными словами или выражениями.

Структура

Вступление

Параграф 1.

Указать проблему и ее причины или последствия.

Основная часть.

Параграф 2.

Предложение 1 и результаты.

Параграф 3

Предложение 2 и результаты

Параграф 4

Предложение 3 и результаты

Параграф 5

Предложение 4 и результаты (можете привести больше предложений соответственно увеличив количество параграфов)

Заключение

Последний параграф

Выводы по предложениям.

Полезная лексика

• Выражение причины:

Since / because, in view of / because of / owing to / due to (the fact that) …, The reason that …/why …/for … is that…

• Выражение следствия:

Thus / therefore / so /consequently, as a result / consequence, the result of … would be …, …would result in …

• Выражение намерений :

So that …, so as/in order (not) to …, with the purpose of / intention of (+ ing)

• Выражение возможности:

It can / could / may / might …,

It is possible / probable/(un)likely / foreseeable / certain that …, …is (un)likely to / bound to / certain to / possible / probable …,

The likelihood / possibility / probability of (-ing/noun) is …

продолжение

Как писать эссе IELTS (3)

Сочинение – Выражение мнения

Сочинение по выражению мнения обычно состоит из:

1). Вступительного параграфа, в котором вы ясно обозначаете тему обсуждения и свое мнение по ней.

2). Основной части, которая состоит из нескольких параграфов, в каждом описывается отдельная точка зрения подкрепленная причинами. Кроме того, вы должны включить параграф содержащий противоположную точку зрения, и указать причины почему вы считаете эту точку зрения неубедительной.

3). Заключение, в котором вы повторяете свое мнение, но другими словами.

Следует учитывать

- Прежде всего решите согласны вы или не согласны с предметом обсуждения, затем составьте перечень точек зрения с их объяснениями.

- Напишите параграф полностью раскрывающий тему, предложения в нем должны соединяться словами и фразами. Не забывайте начинать каждый параграф с вступительного предложения раскрывающим тему параграфа.

- Для соединения параграфов так же следует использовать соединительные слова и фразы.

Структура

Вступление

Параграф 1.

Четко и ясно укажите тему сочинение и ваше мнение по теме.

Основная часть

Параграф 2

Точка зрения 1, примеры и причины

Параграф 3

Точка зрения 2,примеры и причины.

Параграф 4

Точка зрения 3, примеры и причины ( Вы можете указать больше точек зрения, соответственно увеличив количество параграфов.)

Параграф 5

Противоположная точка зрения, примеры и причины ( Можете указать больше точек зрения соответственно увеличив количество параграфов)

Заключение

Заключительный параграф

Выводы и повтор вашего мнения

Фразы для выражения мнения

• To my mind / To my way of thinking, …

It is my (firm) belief / opinion / view / conviction (that) …

In my opinion/view …

I (firmly) believe …

I am (not) convinced that …

I (do not) agree that/with

It strikes me that My opinion is that,

I (definitely) feel / think that …

I am inclined to believe that …

It seems / appears to me …

As far as I am concerned, …

темы сочинений "выражение мнения"

Пример сочинения по выражению мнения

“Although the position of women in society today has improved, there is still a great deal of sexual discrimination.” Do you agree?

Throughout this century, the role of women within society has changed, and the majority of people feel that this change is for the better. More women work than ever before, and it is accepted in Western culture that many women now have careers. Nonetheless, in my opinion there is still a great deal of sexual equality has been achieved is not altogether accurate.

To begin with, many women find it very difficult to return to work after having children. The main reason for this is that there are rarely any provisions made for childcare in the workplace and, in these cases, women are forced to find someone to look after the children while they are at work. Obviously, this can prove to be a time-consuming and expensive process, yet it must be done if mothers are to be able to resume their careers.

Secondly, the traditional views of the position of women within society are so deeply ingrained that they have not really changed. For instance, not only is the view that women should stay at home and look after their family still widely held, but it is reinforced through images seen on television programmes and advertisements. An example of this is that few men are ever seen doing housework on television, since this is traditionally thought of as “a woman’s job”.

Thirdly, since families often need two incomes in order to enjoy a good standard of living, a woman finds herself doing two jobs: one at home and one at the office. So, it could be said that a woman’s position has, in fact, deteriorated rather than improved, with the result that women carry the burdens of equality but get none of the benefits.

In contrast, there are some people who claim that the problem of sexual discrimination no longer exists. They point out that women do, after all, have legal rights intended to protect them from discrimination. In addition, a few women are now beginning to reach top positions as judges, business leaders and politicians, while a number of other previously all-male professions are opening their ranks to women. Nonetheless, these examples are not the norm and discrimination is still very much with us.

Taking these points into consideration, I would say that the position of women has improved only slightly. While, rules and laws have changed, it is the deep-rooted opinions of people within society which are taking a longer time to evolve. Needless to say, until these attitudes have changed, sexual discrimination will remain a problem which we all need to face and fight against.

продолжение

Как писать эссе IELTS (2)

 ·         Представление пунктов , аргументов За и Против

One (very convincing) point/argument in favour of … / against …,

A further common criticism of … / It could be argued that …,

It is

often widely generally

claimed/suggested argued/maintained/ felt/believe/held

that …

some/many/ most people/experts/ scientists/sceptics/ critics	claim/suggest/argue/feel that … maintain/believe/point out/agree/hold that …
	advocate (+ing/noun)/support the view that … oppose the view that …
	are	in favour of/against … of the opinion that/convinced that … opposed to …

·         Добавление перечислений по теме:

in addition (to this), furthermore, moreover, besides, apart from, what is more, as well as, not to mention (the fact) that, also, not only … but also/as well/both … and, There is another side to the issue/question/argument of…

·         Противопоставление:

on the other hand, however, still, yet, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, even so,	it may be said/argued/claimed that, …
	others/ many people	oppose this viewpoint (strongly) disagree …, claim/feel/believe this argument is  incorrect/misguided

although, though, even though, while, whilst, whereas, despite/in spite of (the fact that), regardless of the fact that

Opponents of … argue/believe/claim that …

The fact that … contradicts the belief/idea that …

While it is true to say that …, in fact …

While/Although …, it cannot be denied that …

темы сочинений "за и против"

Пример сочинения:  За и Против

“Censorship is necessary in modern society”. Discuss.

Censorship is an issue which frequently generates a great deal of heated debate, with supporters maintaining that it is vital in order to protect society, whilst opponents claim that it is an unjustifiable restriction of public access to information.

Firstly, all countries have secrets which must be safeguarded for reasons of national security. For instance, if an enemy country were to acquire such highly sensitive information, the effects could be catastrophic. Consequently, governments have to have the power to restrict access to information concerning areas such as the armed forces or particular aspects of foreign policy.

Secondly, it is often argued that censorship is necessary to prevent the broadcast and publication of obscene material which is considered offensive or harmful to public morals. Many people feel that, without censorship the public would be constantly subjected to material that the majority would find offensive. For this reason, the government has a duty to impose certain restrictions on the mass media by censoring films and texts which contain explicit scenes of sex, violence or foul language.

In contrast, opponents of censorship point out that when it is abused by governments, censorship becomes an instrument used to misinform society and maintain power. In order to control the flow of information which riches the public, repressive regimes try to put constraints on the media, thus denying citizens the right to information owing to the fact that governments believe it may lead them to seek greater freedom.

Furthermore, it is generally felt that mature adults are able to make informed choices about what they watch, read and listen to and should, therefore, be permitted to make their own decisions. For example, some comedians make use of offensive language taboo subjects in their performances. Critics of censorship argue that the only people who will watch or listen to such material are adults who have made a conscious decision to do so. Thus, it is claimed, it is unjust to censor material like this since it is not forced upon people who may subsequently be offended by it.

All things considered, it can be concluded that a certain degree of censorship is always necessary. The best course of action would be to attempt to achieve a balance between the requirements of the country and the public on the one hand, and individuals’ rights on the other.

продолжение